The calprotectin test is used to detect inflammation in the intestines, differentiate between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-inflammatory bowel conditions, and monitor IBD activity. Calprotectin is a protein released by neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in response to inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When inflammation occurs, neutrophils migrate to the affected area and release calprotectin, which increases its concentration in the stool. This test measures the level of calprotectin in stool as an indicator of intestinal inflammation.