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Postprandial C-peptide levels are thought to reflect the peak insulin secretion triggered by both postprandial hyperglycemia and incretin effects, in contrast to fasting C-peptide levels. Besser et al. have shown that in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), the C-peptide level 90 minutes after a meal is highly correlated with the peak C-peptide value and the area under the curve (AUC) during a mixed-meal tolerance test, which is considered the gold standard for measuring endogenous insulin secretion in T1DM. Interestingly, studies have also found that the postprandial C-peptide index is more strongly correlated with insulin-producing cell mass in humans compared to fasting C-peptide index. These findings suggest that postprandial C-peptide may more accurately reflect the maximal functional capacity of insulin-producing cells.